Kenya's climate varies significantly across its regions due to its diverse geography. The country experiences a range of climates, from tropical to arid, depending on altitude, proximity to the ocean, and location relative to the equator.

Here's how the climate differs across the main regions:

1. Coastal Region

• Climate: Tropical
• Temperature: Warm and humid year-round, with temperatures ranging from 24°C to 32°C (75°F to 90°F).
• Rainfall: The coast has two rainy seasons: the long rains (March to May) and the short rains (October to December).
• Features: This region, including cities like Mombasa, Malindi, and Diani, experiences high humidity due to its proximity to the Indian Ocean. Sea breezes help moderate temperatures.

2. Central Highlands (Mount Kenya and Aberdare Ranges)

• Climate: Temperate, with cool and wet conditions due to higher altitudes.
• Temperature: Average temperatures range from 10°C to 26°C (50°F to 79°F), with cooler temperatures at higher altitudes.
• Rainfall: The highlands receive moderate to heavy rainfall, with two rainy seasons: the long rains (March to May) and the short rains (October to December).
• Features: Regions like Nairobi and Nyeri enjoy cooler climates, and the highlands are ideal for agriculture due to their fertile soils. Nights can be cold, especially in the higher areas.

3. The Great Rift Valley

• Climate: Varies depending on altitude, but generally semi-arid to temperate.
• Temperature: Temperatures can range from 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
• Rainfall: The Rift Valley receives less rainfall compared to the highlands but experiences the same rainy seasons. Lower areas like Lake Turkana tend to be drier, while areas like Nakuru are more temperate.
• Features: This region has a mix of grasslands, forests, and lakes, with significant geothermal activity. The northern parts of the Rift Valley are drier, while the southern parts experience more rainfall.

4. Western Kenya (Lake Victoria Basin)

• Climate: Tropical with a distinct wet season.
• Temperature: Warm, with temperatures averaging between 20°C to 28°C (68°F to 82°F).
• Rainfall: This region is one of the wettest in Kenya, receiving heavy rainfall throughout the year, especially from March to May.
• Features: The region around Lake Victoria, including cities like Kisumu, has high humidity and supports lush vegetation. It is a key agricultural region.

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5. Northern Kenya (Arid and Semi-Arid Lands)

• Climate: Arid to semi-arid
• Temperature: Hot and dry, with daytime temperatures often exceeding 30°C to 40°C (86°F to 104°F).
• Rainfall: This region receives very little rainfall, often less than 250 mm (10 inches) annually. When rains come, they are short and sporadic.
• Features: Northern Kenya, including areas like Turkana, Marsabit, and Samburu, consists of desert and semi-desert landscapes. Droughts are common, and the vegetation is mostly sparse, consisting of shrubs and grasses.

6. Eastern Kenya (Semi-Arid)

• Climate: Semi-arid
• Temperature: Warm to hot, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 34°C (68°F to 93°F).
• Rainfall: Rainfall is erratic, with less frequent rains than in the highlands but slightly more than in the northern deserts.
• Features: This region includes areas like Garissa and parts of Kitui and Machakos. The landscape is characterized by savannah grasslands and shrublands, and it’s less fertile, making it prone to droughts.

7. Southern Kenya (Maasai Mara and Tsavo)

• Climate: Sub-tropical to semi-arid
• Temperature: Warm with temperatures between 18°C to 30°C (64°F to 86°F).
• Rainfall: The region experiences seasonal rains, with the long rains from March to May and short rains in October to December.
• Features: The Maasai Mara and Tsavo regions are known for their expansive savannahs and wildlife reserves. While the Mara receives more rainfall and has greener landscapes, Tsavo is drier and more rugged.

8. Nairobi

• Climate: Sub-tropical highland climate.
• Temperature: Relatively mild due to its elevation, with temperatures ranging from 12°C to 26°C (54°F to 79°F).
• Rainfall: Nairobi has two rainy seasons, with moderate rainfall during the long and short rains.
• Features: The city enjoys cooler weather compared to the coastal and lowland regions, making it one of the most pleasant areas to live in climate-wise.

Summary of Climate Zones:

• Tropical: Coastal areas and Lake Victoria Basin.
• Temperate: Central Highlands and Rift Valley.
• Arid and Semi-Arid: Northern and Eastern Kenya.
• Sub-Tropical: Nairobi and Southern Kenya.

Kenya’s climate ranges from hot and humid along the coast to cool and temperate in the highlands, with significant variations in rainfall across the country. This diversity in climate supports a wide range of ecosystems and lifestyles.

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