Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Monday said Americans “are beginning to wake up to the real reality that tariffs on everything from Canada would make life a lot more expensive" and said he will retaliate if Donald Trump goes ahead with them.

Speaking at an event put on by the Halifax Chamber of Commerce, Trudeau also said dealing with Trump will be “a little more challenging” than the last time because Trump’s team is coming in with a much clearer set of ideas of what they want to do right away than after his first election win in 2016.

The U.S. president-elect has threatened to impose a 25% tax on all products entering the U.S. from Canada and Mexico unless they stem the flow of migrants and drugs.

“Trump got elected on a commitment to make life better and more affordable for Americans, and I think people south of the border are beginning to wake up to the real reality that tariffs on everything from Canada would make life a lot more expensive," Trudeau said.

On the weekend, Trump appeared in an interview with NBC’s “Meet the Press,” where the president-elect said he can’t guarantee that his promised tariffs on key U.S. foreign trade partners won’t raise prices for American consumers.

“Let’s not kid ourselves in any way, shape or form, 25% tariffs on everything going to the United States would be devastating for the Canadian economy," Trudeau said.

“It would also, however, mean real hardship for Americans as well. Americans import 65% of their crude oil from Canada, significant amounts of electricity. Just about all the natural gas exported from Canada goes to the United States. They rely on us for steel and aluminum. They rely on us for a range of agriculture imports. All of those things would get more expensive.”

If Trump makes good on his threat to slap 25% tariffs on everything imported from Mexico and Canada, the price increases that could follow will collide with his campaign promise to give American families a break from inflation.

Economists say companies would have little choice but to pass along the added costs, dramatically raising prices for food, clothing, automobiles, alcohol and other goods.

The Produce Distributors Association, a Washington trade group, has said tariffs will raise prices for fresh fruit and vegetables and hurt U.S. farmers when the countries retaliate.

“We will of course, as we did eight years ago, respond to unfair tariffs,” Trudeau said.

Trudeau said his government is still mulling over “the right ways” to respond, referencing when Canada put billions of new duties in 2018 against the U.S. in a tit-for-tat response to new taxes on Canadian steel and aluminum.

Many of the U.S. products were chosen for their political rather than economic impact. For example, Canada imports just $3 million worth of yogurt from the U.S. annually and most of it comes from one plant in Wisconsin, the home state of then-Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan. That product was hit with a 10% duty.

“It was the fact that we put tariffs on bourbon and Harley-Davidsons and playing cards and Heinz ketchup and cherries and a number of other things that were very carefully targeted because they were politically impactful to the president’s party and colleagues,” Trudeau said.

Trudeau said when Trump says things he means them but they also know Trump is trying to insert uncertainty and “a bit of chaos” into democracies.

“One of the most important things for us to do is not freak out, not to panic,” Trudeau said.

“Knowing these would be absolutely devastating means we have to take them seriously but it does mean we have to be thoughtful and strategic and not going around making our opponents arguments for him but making our arguments in a significant and united way."

Canadian officials have said it is unfair to lump Canada in with Mexico.

U.S. customs agents seized 43 pounds of fentanyl at the Canadian border last fiscal year, compared with 21,100 pounds at the Mexican border.

Most of the fentanyl reaching the U.S. — where it causes about 70,000 overdose deaths annually — is made by Mexican drug cartels using precursor chemicals smuggled from Asia.

On immigration, the U.S. Border Patrol reported 1.53 million encounters with irregular migrants at the southwest border with Mexico between October 2023 and September 2024. That compares to 23,721 encounters at the Canadian border during that time.

Trump has also claimed the U.S. is “subsidizing Canada to the tune of over $100 billion a year."

On America’s trade deficit Canada’s ambassador to Washington, Kirsten Hillman, told the AP U.S. had a $75 billion trade deficit with Canada last year but noted a third of what Canada sells into the U.S. are energy exports and prices have been high.

About 60% of U.S. crude oil imports are from Canada, and 85% of U.S. electricity imports as well.

Canada is also the largest foreign supplier of steel, aluminum and uranium to the U.S. and has 34 critical minerals and metals that the Pentagon is eager for and investing for national security.

Nearly $3.6 billion Canadian (US$2.7 billion) worth of goods and services cross the border each day. Canada is the top export destination for 36 U.S. states.

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Trudeau Says Canada ‘Will Respond’ If Trump Imposes Tariffs

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Canada “will respond” if US President-elect Donald Trump imposes new tariffs on Canadian imports, and argued that retaliatory tariffs were successful when Trump put tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum in 2018.

The comments are Trudeau’s strongest language yet in signaling his government is preparing retaliation if Trump follows through on his threat.

On Nov. 25, Trump said he would impose across-the-board 25% tariffs on Canadian and Mexican imports on the first day of his presidency unless both countries crack down on the flow of migrants and fentanyl into the US.

“Let’s not kid ourselves in any way, shape or form: 25% tariffs on everything going to the United States would be devastating for the Canadian economy,” said Trudeau, speaking to the Halifax Chamber of Commerce. But he said the tariffs would also raise costs on a wide range of goods the US gets from Canada.

Canada will “respond to unfair tariffs in a number of ways, and we’re still looking at the right ways to respond, but our responses to the unfair steel and aluminum tariffs were what ended up lifting those tariffs last time,” he said.

Shortly after Trump announced the tariffs on Canadian steel and aluminum in the spring of 2018, Canada rolled out retaliatory tariffs on targeted, politically sensitive items such as “bourbon and Harley Davidsons and playing cards and Heinz ketchup,” Trudeau said.

The tariffs were “politically impactful to the president’s party and colleagues,” and that was how “we were able to punch back in a way that was actually felt by Americans,” Trudeau said.

Canadian officials have stressed that Canada is also a huge market for American businesses. “We are the biggest customer by far of US exporters,” said Kirsten Hillman, Canada’s ambassador to the US, in a Bloomberg TV interview last week. She said 36 US states count Canada as their biggest export market.

The Canadian prime minister cautioned that Trump should be taken seriously when he threatens to impose tariffs, but said history has shown Trump can have other motivations as well. “His approach will often be to challenge people, to destabilize a negotiating partner, to offer uncertainty and even sometimes a bit of chaos into the well-established hallways of democracies and institutions,” Trudeau said.

“One of the most important things for us to do is not to freak out, not to panic,” Trudeau said, arguing Canada will need a thoughtful and united approach to reach an agreement with Trump and avoid harming both economies.

However, he said managing the trade file is likely to be more difficult in Trump’s second term, despite the fact Canada, Mexico and the US renegotiated the entire North American free trade pact in 2018.

“This time’s going to be different, it’s going to be a little more challenging,” Trudeau said. Trump and his inner circle are coming in with a much “clearer set of ideas of what they want to do right away than they had last time,” he said.

But he said he believes Canada can again find a “win-win” solution that works for citizens and businesses on both sides of the border.

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Quebec Premier Talks With Trump and Musk on Trade and Tariffs

Quebec Premier Francois Legault discussed border control and tariffs with President-elect Donald Trump while in Paris on Saturday for the reopening of the Notre-Dame cathedral.

Legault, premier of the second-most populous province in Canada, briefly described the meeting in a post on X. He also met with Elon Musk, who accompanied Trump in Paris, and said in a separate X post that they discussed international trade and electric vehicles.

Last month Trump threatened to impose an additional 25% tariff on Canadian and Mexican goods, calling on the two countries to stem the flow of migrants and fentanyl across the US border.

Legault had previously called on Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to improve border control to avoid the risk of tariffs. “We need to secure the borders to remove this argument from Mr. Trump,” Legault said in November.

While Trudeau did not attend the Notre-Dame reopening, he met with Trump at Mar-a-Lago in November to discuss these issues.

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