Tire pyrolysis is a thermochemical process gaining global traction (excluding Pune for this context) as a sustainable solution for managing the ever-increasing volume of end-of-life tires (ELTs). This technology involves heating shredded tires in an oxygen-free environment, causing the rubber to decompose into valuable byproducts. These primary products of tire pyrolysis – tire pyrolysis oil (TPO), recovered carbon black (rCB), steel wire, and syngas – are finding increasing applications across various industries worldwide, contributing to a circular economy and reducing the environmental burden of tire waste.

Tire Pyrolysis Oil (TPO), typically constituting 35-50% of the pyrolysis output, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with a calorific value comparable to heavy fuel oil. Globally, TPO is being explored and utilized as an alternative fuel source for industrial heating in cement kilns, steel plants, and power generation facilities. Ongoing research and development efforts are focused on upgrading TPO through refining processes to produce higher-value fuels suitable for use in diesel engines and as a feedstock for chemical industries, further enhancing its global market potential.

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Recovered Carbon Black (rCB), making up 30-40% of the output, is a solid material with properties similar to virgin carbon black, a crucial component in tire manufacturing, rubber goods, plastics, and inks. While rCB often requires further processing to meet the stringent quality standards of virgin carbon black, its use is gaining acceptance globally as a more sustainable and cost-effective alternative in various applications, including as a filler in rubber compounds, a pigment in coatings and plastics, and even in battery production, contributing to resource conservation.

Steel wire, representing 10-20% of the pyrolyzed tire, is readily recovered and recycled back into the steel industry, providing a valuable metallic resource and reducing the need for virgin ore extraction worldwide. This straightforward recycling process contributes significantly to the economic and environmental viability of tire pyrolysis.

The non-condensable syngas, typically 5-15% of the output, is a mixture of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and other light hydrocarbons. This gas has a significant calorific value and can be used as a fuel to heat the pyrolysis reactor itself, making the process more energy-efficient and reducing external energy requirements. In some cases, excess syngas can be used for on-site power generation, further enhancing the sustainability of tire pyrolysis plants globally.

The global market for tire pyrolysis products is driven by increasing environmental regulations on landfilling tires, the rising cost of waste disposal, and the growing demand for sustainable resources and alternative fuels. Government initiatives and incentives promoting waste-to-energy technologies are also playing a crucial role in the expansion of this market worldwide. While challenges such as the variability in TPO quality and the need for further processing of rCB remain, ongoing technological advancements and increasing market acceptance are paving the way for tire pyrolysis to become a significant contributor to a more circular and sustainable management of tire waste on a global scale.