Why do some countries succeed in reducing crime while others struggle with overcrowded prisons? The answer often lies in how they approach justice. Iranian-American author Hassan Nemazee explores these issues in his powerful prison reform book, “Persia, Politics & Prison,” where he draws on his firsthand experience inside the American system.

Across the world, nations are rethinking incarceration. The old model of strict punishment is giving way to approaches centered on rehabilitation. This shift is most visible in countries that now prioritize education, treatment, and reintegration over isolation.

Norway is a leading example. Its prisons resemble college dorms more than concrete cells. Inmates pursue education, learn job skills, and prepare for life after release. The results are clear: Norway’s recidivism rate is about 20%, far below the United States at about 68%.

Germany also emphasizes dignity and human rights. Prisoners maintain family connections, work regular jobs, and earn vocational certificates. Facilities operate like structured communities designed to build responsibility rather than destroy it.

Portugal took bold action by decriminalizing drug possession in 2001. Instead of jailing people with addictions, it directs them to treatment and support. The result was a sharp drop in drug-related crime and lower prison populations.

The Netherlands has closed dozens of prisons in recent years—not because crime rose, but because it fell. Prevention programs, youth mentoring, and mental health support reduced the need for incarceration.

Even countries once known for tough policies are adapting. Japan has introduced restorative justice programs where victims and offenders meet to discuss harm and healing. Singapore invests heavily in prisoner education and training, recognizing that reintegration reduces crime better than harsh sentences.

Technology also supports reform. Electronic monitoring lets some offenders serve time at home while keeping jobs and family ties. Virtual reality helps inmates practice real-life situations like job interviews. Apps connect former prisoners with employment and support services.

The global trend is clear: evidence-based policies work. Data shows that long sentences do not deter crime, but education and mental health treatment do. Successful reintegration strengthens families, saves money, and makes communities safer.

Reform is not about being soft on crime. It is about being smart. Justice systems that invest in rehabilitation protect society and help people rebuild their lives. Countries choosing this path report lower crime, reduced costs, and stronger communities.

To learn more about these global shifts and how they connect to America’s challenges, visit Hassan Nemazee’s website. His book offers both personal insight and policy perspective, helping shape the conversation on meaningful change.