While these Chinese export curbs have led to shortages and supply chain disruptions in Russia, the Kremlin is reportedly working on alternative supply routes to secure military drones and bypass the ban.

DJI Mavic 3 Pro

DJI, Headquartered in China’s Silicon Valley ‘Shenzhen’ and the world’s largest drone manufacturer, suspended operations in both Russia and Ukraine in April 2022, citing opposition to the use of its products in warfare.

However, the company’s drones, particularly the Mavic 3 Pro model known for its advanced cameras and navigation systems, continue to reach Ukrainian forces.

In 2023, China introduced stricter export controls, mandating permits for drones with potential military applications, including the DJI Mavic 3 Pro. These restrictions were further tightened on September 1, 2024, yet Ukrainian forces continue to receive these models.

China-Russia Drone Collaboration?

In recent years, China has made significant strides in drone technology, investing heavily across all military branches to produce faster, more intelligent, and highly adaptable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This rapid advancement has drawn considerable attention from military analysts worldwide.

Recent reports suggest a potentially concerning development in this field. According to a Bloomberg article published on July 2, citing anonymous European officials, there are suspicions that Chinese firms may be working on attack drones intended to support Russia’s military efforts in Ukraine. These drones are allegedly similar in design to the Shahed-type UAVs produced by Iran.

The report, citing multiple unnamed European sources, suggests that Chinese and Russian companies discussed collaborating in 2023 on the development of an attack drone similar to the mass-produced Shahed.

From Dual-Use Assets To Geopolitical Influence

Civilian drones have emerged as crucial dual-purpose assets over the last decade, demonstrating significant value in both civilian and military applications.

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has particularly highlighted the military potential of these devices, with both sides extensively employing civilian drones. This widespread use has transformed the conflict into history’s first full-scale drone war, fundamentally altering tactics for armed forces and shaping the broader conflict dynamics.

These compact unmanned aerial vehicles have proven versatile, capable of conducting intelligence gathering, harassment operations, and even contributing to information warfare through their onboard cameras. As a result, they have become integral to modern “techno-guerilla warfare” strategies.

While numerous global powers have expressed ambitions to lead in drone technology, China currently dominates the market as the world’s largest manufacturer and exporter of civilian consumer drones by revenue, with its export figures consistently rising.

Beijing’s position as the global frontrunner in civilian drone production positions it to reap substantial benefits from this burgeoning field. This advantage could translate into increased geopolitical influence in conflicts where drones play a significant role, enhanced power in setting international standards, and a head start in future technological advancements within the industry.

Global Context

The use of civilian drones in military conflicts has become a growing concern internationally. While China tightens export controls, countries involved in conflicts are seeking alternative supply routes to maintain access to drone technology.

As the situation evolves, the international community continues to grapple with the challenges posed by the dual-use nature of drone technology and its impact on contemporary warfare.