Neuro Rehabilitation After Stroke: The Brain Can Learn Again

After a stroke, the brain has the ability to relearn lost skills through neuroplasticity when the right rehabilitation is started early and practiced consistently.

Task-based training and guided therapy help restore movement, balance, coordination, and daily functional abilities step by step.

At Veritas Rehab & Hospitals in Kondapur, Hyderabad, we deliver structured neuro rehabilitation programs focused on measurable recovery. Recognized as one of the best rehabilitation centers in Hyderabad, Veritas supports the brain’s journey to relearn and rebuild.

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Digitizing Cognitive Enhancement: The Future of Brain Training Software

The Brain Training Software Market was valued at USD 2.97 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 3.32 billion in 2025, with an anticipated growth to USD 9.28 billion by 2034. This reflects a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.72% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2034.

The Brain Training Software Market is experiencing steady growth as increasing awareness of cognitive health fuels demand for tools that enhance memory, focus, and mental agility. These software applications are designed to stimulate various cognitive functions through exercises, games, and puzzles targeting neuroplasticity. With growing interest in brain fitness among students, working professionals, and aging populations, the market is gaining traction across healthcare, education, and consumer sectors.

The global market is being propelled by an aging demographic, the rising prevalence of mental health issues, and the integration of AI and gamification in digital brain training tools.

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Market Scope
Brain training software encompasses programs developed to improve:

Memory

Attention

Processing speed

Problem-solving

Executive functioning

These are delivered via:

Mobile apps

Web platforms

Therapeutic software for clinical settings

Target users range from children with learning disabilities, working adults aiming for cognitive enhancement, to seniors preventing cognitive decline. Applications span personal wellness, education, neuroscience research, and rehabilitation therapy.

Regional Insight
North America leads the market due to strong tech infrastructure, high awareness of brain health, and presence of major players.

Europe is also a significant contributor, especially in healthcare-based applications, supported by aging demographics and government-funded cognitive wellness initiatives.

Asia-Pacific is the fastest-growing region, driven by a large elderly population in countries like Japan and China, expanding internet access, and rising mental health awareness.

Latin America and MEA show emerging potential as mobile penetration and digital literacy increase.

Growth Drivers and Challenges
Growth Drivers:
Aging Population: Rising concerns about cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s are pushing demand among seniors.

Mental Health Awareness: Increased understanding of brain health’s link to overall well-being.

Gamification & AI Integration: Engagement-boosting features and personalization through machine learning.

Remote Learning & Work: Greater use of brain training tools for students and professionals seeking mental sharpness.

Challenges:
Lack of Clinical Validation: Many apps lack FDA approval or peer-reviewed studies proving effectiveness.

User Retention Issues: Low long-term engagement due to repetitive content or lack of visible results.

Privacy Concerns: Sensitive cognitive and behavioral data requires high security and compliance.

Opportunities
Healthcare Integration: Expanding use in cognitive therapy and preventive care settings.

Corporate Wellness Programs: Employers are investing in employee mental fitness tools.

AI-Driven Personalization: Adaptive training based on user progress and neuroscience-backed data.

Localization: Customizing software for different languages, cultures, and educational systems.

Key Players Analysis
Lumosity (Lumos Labs): One of the most recognized brands with a wide range of brain games.

CogniFit: Offers clinically validated tools for cognitive training and assessments.

Elevate: Focuses on daily brain exercises for productivity and communication.

Peak (by Brainbow): Known for its mobile-first approach and visually engaging interface.

NeuroNation, BrainHQ, Mensa Brain Training, and Fit Brains (by Rosetta Stone) are other notable players. These companies are investing in neuroscience research, AI integration, and UX/UI to stay competitive.

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Conclusion
The Brain Training Software Market is set to expand steadily as consumers increasingly seek cognitive improvement solutions amid a digital-first lifestyle. While challenges such as scientific validation and retention exist, the integration of AI, the rise of health tech, and a focus on mental well-being create substantial growth opportunities. As the market evolves, success will depend on delivering effective, engaging, and personalized experiences grounded in cognitive science.

5 Ways to Boost Your Brain’s Grieving Process.
A reader asks how to redraw the neural map more quickly after a string of losses.
Reviewed by Abigail Fagan

KEY POINTS-
Experiencing multiple losses in a short time is extremely challenging, so it’s natural and normal to feel overwhelmed.
Your brain requires lived experience and repetition to update the neural map, so you benefit from engaging with life to create your "new normal."
Embrace therapeutic living, such as moving your body, being in nature, and getting support, to boost your brain's grieving and rewiring process.
In response to the post, “As You Grieve, Your Brain Redraws Its Neural Map,” a reader writes:

How can my brain redraw its neural map when losses are piling on top of each other, not allowing ample time to grieve? In the past year, I've lost a sibling, a spouse, a friend, and a parent. Everything has overlapped to the point of crippling my everyday life with a seemingly endless void. How do I redraw and update faster so I can get out of this rut?

First, I’m so sorry you’ve had to endure so many significant losses in such a short period of time. That is an overwhelming amount of grief and adjustment, so it makes sense that you would want your brain to make quick work of redrawing your neural map.

Research on the neuroscience of grieving has yet to specify how the bereaved can more quickly update the brain's neural map. But we do know that your brain requires experience to update, plus there are known ways to nurture your brain's ability to form new neural connections and boost your grieving process, and perhaps these translate into facilitating the redrawing process as well. Here are five suggestions.

1. Have realistic expectations
Rest assured, with three significant losses and another on the horizon, it is natural for you to feel crippled and in a rut. And because your brain is redrawing the neural maps of four close relationships, this process will take time. You can reduce your distress by simply accepting that your grief and mourning will take as long as it takes. Life may seem hopeless as you’ll never recover what was “normal life,” but over time, your brain will update to reflect your “new normal.”

2. Engage with your “new normal”
Your conscious brain knows that your loved ones are gone. But during the formation of those deep bonds, your unconscious brain encoded the implicit knowledge that your loved ones “will always be there for you.” So whenever your brain is confronted with the fact that your loved ones are no longer “there” in the same way, you grieve. That’s why a key part of the grieving process is to redraw the neural map by overwriting it with new routines, new habits, and new predictions. For example, you might completely redo the bedroom you shared with your wife; you can reorder your daily, weekly, or monthly routines; you might seek closer relationships to others in your family or social circles; you could join a group to pursue favorite activities with new people. Leaning into your “new normal” life helps your brain accumulate new experiences, and over time, your brain will update with new neural connections. Eventually you’ll notice that your neural map is more and more reflecting your “new normal,” and those crippling pangs of grief will mellow and then recede.

3. Have faith in your brain
With realistic expectations for a lengthy and arduous grieving/redrawing process and actively engaging in your life, rest assured that your brain is qualified for the job of redrawing its neural map. Every pang of grief indicates that your brain is hard at work, rewiring its neural connections. By having faith in your brain’s expert redrawing capabilities—you can feel more patient, reassured, and compassionate with yourself.

4. Embrace therapeutic living
There are many therapeutic habits, routines, practices, and types of support that cultivate a calm brain and promote its ability to create new neural connections (neuroplasticity).

Daily habits such as getting sufficient sleep, eating nutritious foods, moving your body every day, and spending time outdoors.
Mindfulness practices, such as mindful breathing, meditation, staying in the present moment, and observing your thoughts.
Journaling, which can help you find the words, get clarity, and make sense of it all, rather than just getting lost in a giant blob of pain.
Emotional support also soothes your brain and reduces suffering, whether you lean on family or friends. Given your arduous journey, professional therapy is likely also in order.
Brain-based treatment for trauma, such as EMDR, might be of great benefit to you, as this could help you move forward with your life instead of continuing to feel stuck in reliving the past.

5. Seek growth
Crisis always provides opportunity for growth. Growing pains, indeed. But remember, what matters is not what happens to you, but what you do with it. Growth might include learning more about yourself, leaning into your worth, recognizing your strengths, acquiring new skills, and identifying your values, priorities, and passions so you can live your best life.

Yours is not an easy row to hoe, but with realistic expectations, engaging in life, having faith in your brain, therapeutic support, and seeking growth, you can redraw your neural map in ways that help you to heal and serve you well going forward.

PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-
What Does Schizophrenia Feel Like?
A Personal Perspective: There are positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
Reviewed by Michelle Quirk

In my work, I am often asked about what schizophrenia actually is. An emotional condition? A weakness? A personality flaw? The truth is that schizophrenia is none of these things. In fact, it is a physical brain condition that can be compared to other brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, or stroke. It is not the same as dissociative identity disorder (formerly called multiple personality disorder) and does not involve a split mind.

3 Categories of Symptoms
Schizophrenia is a syndrome of several hundred genetic and nongenetic brain diseases of varying severity that are due to altered brain neuroplasticity and chemistry. Schizophrenia manifests through three categories of symptoms, described as positive, negative, and cognitive.

Positive symptoms are not beneficial, as the name may imply. They include “extra” things a patient may experience in their reality such as hallucinations (seeing, hearing, or sensing something that is not in fact present), delusions (fixed false beliefs), and paranoia. Fortunately, positive symptoms are typically well controlled by standard antipsychotic medications.

Negative symptoms include things that may be absent in the life of a person with schizophrenia. For example, a person may give up a hobby they used to love such as art, music, or sports. Often, there may be a great decline in grades at school. Sometimes, people forget to eat or shower. They may lose interest in relationships.

Cognitive-deficit symptoms can include problems with attention, memory, executive functions (decision-making, planning ahead, self-control) speed of thinking, and social cognition (including empathy and recognizing facial expressions).

Treating Schizophrenia Symptoms
There are currently no FDA-approved medications for treating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia; however, some types of therapy such as cognitive behavioral therapy, which focuses on dealing with present problems, rather than past trauma, can help.

There are also a few new medicines in the pipeline that are expected to help positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. One example of a new drug in development is Karuna Therapeutics’ “KarXT.” Another is called Ulotaront. It is hoped that these medications will also have fewer side effects than most of the antipsychotics currently available.

Individuals who experience primarily positive symptoms and fail to gain benefit from multiple trials of antipsychotics may be described as “treatment-resistant.” For those people, the medication clozapine may be effective, due to a different mechanism of action. Personally, my schizophrenia has been diagnosed as treatment-resistant. Approximately 30 percent of persons with schizophrenia are considered treatment-resistant.

Of all the antipsychotic medications, clozapine has the least affinity for the dopamine receptor, which is the main target for other antipsychotic medicines, and this is perplexing to scientists. Clozapine was first used in the 1950s but resulted in some deaths due to inadequate white blood cell monitoring. In 1989, it was reintroduced with a mandatory weekly blood test for six months and eventually monthly blood monitoring, which brought the death toll down closer to zero. (It is also important to monitor clozapine patients for heart problems, pulmonary embolism, constipation, and flu-like symptoms.)1 For more than 30 years, scientists have been trying to discover why it is superior to all other antipsychotic medications. No similar medication to clozapine has come to market to date.2

Oftentimes, a person with schizophrenia will refuse to leave their bedroom or basement, coming out only when absolutely necessary, such as to eat. These negative symptoms often do not respond as well to antipsychotic medications as positive symptoms do, but seeing a counselor to discuss life changes may be highly effective.

Unfortunately, many antipsychotics can induce negative symptoms as a side effect. I remember my first antipsychotic medications, prior to clozapine, left me with a severely blunted affect. When I switched to the medication that worked well for me (in my case, clozapine) my affect was restored to normal, and I enjoyed activities and relationships again.

As a person with schizophrenia comes out of psychosis and starts to feel healthier, it is important to slowly introduce activities. Working, volunteering, and returning to school provide a sense of meaning and an opportunity to meet and work with other people. Socialization is vital to achieve the highest level of recovery from schizophrenia. Attending college again following my diagnosis opened up a new world for me socially.

Persons with schizophrenia may have any mix of these symptom categories. Personally, I suffered primarily from positive symptoms, often frightened by seeing and hearing things that were actually not there. I was paranoid of my family. But I also lost interest in everything I used to love, including school and violin. I chose to break off all relationships with friends and family, choosing instead to hide away, sleeping outside. Fortunately, following treatment with clozapine and also the encouragement of my doctor and parents, my love of school and violin did come back, as well as a healthy desire to meet often with other people.

My recovery did not come easy. I spent 12 very difficult months trying five medications, up to two at a time, before finally finding a medication that eliminated my symptoms and was tolerable. But since that time, I have not suffered from any positive, negative, or cognitive symptoms.

I encourage people with schizophrenia who are struggling to work closely with a doctor and their treatment team, which may include a counselor, psychologist, and/or social worker. There are more than 10 newer "second-generation" antipsychotic medications persons with schizophrenia can try. It is possible to make a full recovery from schizophrenia, through faithful compliance to treatment. It is important to never give up. Eat right, exercise, and make an effort to meet with other people. Talk to your doctor about vitamins and supplements. If you are struggling with positive or negative symptoms, consider discussing a medication change with your doctor. Many will also benefit from counseling.

I am deeply grateful for my doctors and parents who always refused to give up on me until I had reached my full potential, enabling me to attend school again, work, and live independently. My first doctor said I was permanently and totally disabled, but he was wrong. The important thing is to find a doctor who believes in you and to never give up.

STRESS-
Why Is the Way You Approach Your Day So Important?
How you choose to "meet" the world can impact your health, joy, and success.
Reviewed by Jessica Schrader

KEY POINTS-
It's important to experience your life as being sourced from your own choices.
The mindset by which you start your day determines how well you manage your stress.
Your attachment to lessons of childhood is counteracted by your ability to access the neuroplasticity of your brain.
How much of your day is engaged in things you’d rather not be doing? Or worse, worry or shrink from doing and procrastinate doing? For many, this doesn’t appear to be a choice. It’s just the way you are and the way you think, and perhaps the way you see the world.

Your approach to life is something learned a long time ago, during your childhood. It was learned as part of your adaptation to that environment and was a way of surviving. Those early survival lessons built out the neural networks of your brain. That was the scaffolding from which all subsequent learning has been hung. And even though that environment that you adapted to doesn’t translate very well to the world of today, you probably believe you are stuck with it.

To the extent that your childhood environment was dangerous or filled with judgments and criticism from primary caregivers (even if it wasn’t intentional or directed toward you), is the extent that you reacted, by trying to shrink from the place where you meet that difficult outside world—what is referred to as the “contact boundary.” If the environment presents any negativity or emotional pain, the natural tendency is to shy away from it. Unfortunately, as this approach to life gets reinforced and conditioned and built out in your brain circuitry, it has a number of consequences deriving from this bias and automatic reaction.

I find that most life approaches boil down to two choices—constricting and shying away from contact, as I just described, or embracing and moving into contact. We can refer to these different approaches as your “mindset.” Let’s follow these two approaches and how they shape your day’s experience.

How do you start your day?
You awaken and your mind goes to what can go wrong, what problem might arise, or how you might be judged in any of your encounters that day. This mindset will activate your stress response, releasing cortisol and adrenaline while causing muscle bracing; and ultimately greater inflammation. All this before breakfast. Your “mind/body” will want to either stay in bed, or look to distractions, or actions that are familiar. It will make it more difficult to engage in new successful behaviors, which are those that help you move into new territory in your life.

The keys to embracing your day that enhance your resilience
The other way of starting your day that can lead to better health and success is to embrace your day and your life. While there is a strong pull to old habits and to follow in existing footsteps, the other powerful force we can access is neuroplasticity, the ability of our brain and our neural circuitry to adapt and learn. While this path might be more uncomfortable in the short term, it will result in greater comfort and joy in the long term.

Here is a step-by-step process for greater health and success through the engagement of your brain’s neuroplasticity:

Make the decision that you want to determine how your day unfolds, how you feel during your day, and the direction you want your life to take. Making a decision—making this decision—begins to pull you out of the stickiness of being a victim in your life.
Recognize that if you are going to take any action, you have a choice of attitude by which you engage in that behavior. And you can choose the attitude that will better support your success. For example, if I have a business meeting, the attitude that will work better is one in which I value myself and what I have to offer. Choosing to focus on the positive outcome can help you manage your stress response and be more focused. If you worry about being judged, it will create tension and the tendency to shrink from the contact boundary. You will thus project different energy that will be picked up by the other person.

Make a decision to embrace the positive approach through the following self-statement: “I know I need to take this action—or meet this person, or write this proposal, etc.—I accept it. (Rather than resist.) I might as well choose the attitude that will yield the best result. So, even though it’s a bit scary, and uncomfortable I will embrace this and experience it as an opportunity for growth.”

No matter the outcome, appreciate yourself for taking this positive approach and already consider it a success, and find a positive way to frame the results of your actions.
If the result is not what you were trying to achieve, find a way to use the result as important information and a learning experience that’s part of the path to getting better at what you do. This puts a positive frame on the experience.
How you remember and take in your experiences is very important. Many people who get a positive result will still focus on how stressful or worrisome an experience was. The next time, they will be just as frightened because they remember the stress, not the success. Identify a positive framework to hold a memory of your experience.