Oral Cholera Vaccines: Advancements and Global Impact.
Сообщение 2025-03-24 17:50:25
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Cholera vaccines are crucial tools in preventing and controlling cholera, an acute diarrheal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Here's a summary of key information about them:
Types of Cholera Vaccines:
- Oral Cholera Vaccines (OCVs):
- These are the most commonly used cholera vaccines today.
- They are generally safe and effective, and easier to administer than older injectable vaccines.
- There are different types of OCVs, including:
- Killed whole-cell vaccines: These contain inactivated V. cholerae bacteria. Examples include Dukoral, Shanchol, and Euvichol-Plus.
- Live attenuated vaccines: there are also live attenuated vaccines, that use a weakened form of the cholera bacteria. An example of this is Vaxchora.
- Key components:
- The vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that protect against V. cholerae.
- Some vaccines contain the cholera toxin B subunit, which also aids in protection.
Use and Administration:
- Who should get vaccinated:
- Cholera vaccination is recommended for people at high risk of cholera, such as those living in or traveling to areas where cholera is endemic or experiencing an outbreak.
- It's also used in outbreak control and humanitarian emergencies.
- Administration:
- OCVs are administered orally, typically in two doses, although single dose options are available.
- The live attenuated vaccine Vaxchora is a single dose vaccine.
- Effectiveness:
- OCVs provide protection against cholera, but they do not offer 100% protection.
- Vaccination should be used in conjunction with other preventive measures, such as safe water and sanitation.
Important Considerations:
- Limitations:
- The duration of protection from OCVs varies.
- Vaccines are most effective when used in conjunction with improvements to sanitation, and clean water access.
- WHO Recommendations:
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of OCVs in cholera control strategies.
- The WHO maintains a global stockpile of cholera vaccines for use in outbreaks.
In summary, cholera vaccines, particularly OCVs, play a vital role in preventing and controlling cholera outbreaks.
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